Bruxism is a common condition typically seen in adults. However, in recent years, more adolescents and children are being affected as well. The term refers to gnashing or clenching the teeth. The strength and frequency of episodes can vary from mild wear of the teeth to severe and chronic pain in the jaws that may lead to premature tooth loss. Early intervention can prevent this condition from becoming complex.
There are many reasons why people clench their teeth, but most prevalent one is to release one’s aggression or frustration. Children suck their thumb to reach satisfaction, or they release their frustrations by biting on objects or people. The adults are driven by behavioral patterns, morals and customs, and they may resort to cheek, nail or tongue biting along with grinding, clenching and tapping of the teeth to discharge their aggravation. It has been identified that stress factors, lifestyle and certain medications can contribute to bruxism.
Bruxism is typically an unconscious activity that occurs involuntarily whether the person is awake or asleep. Grinding and clenching are often used by people interchangeably. Most individuals affected with this condition loudly grind and silently clench. However, these two behaviors are different from each other.
Grinding involves continuous movements of TMJ and protrusion of the mandible (lower jaw). This behavior visibly shows flattening of the teeth along with pain, muscular soreness and damage to the TMJ. Clenching is described as clamping both arches together and tightening muscles of the jaws. Clenching may not show any visible signs of wear, but it often results in TMJ disorders.
The conservative approach to treatment may include self-care remedies, such as monitoring one’s activities and consciously reducing the number of episodes. People who are magnesium or calcium deficient may consider increased intake of both minerals to relieve muscle tension and cramping. Individuals who are showing clear signs of damage to their teeth may consider more aggressive approach such as a mouthguards or medications.
For habitual grinders, a hard acrylic nightguard may be recommended. The appliance is worn during the sleep and prevents the destruction of the teeth. In addition, a nightguard allows the jaw muscles to relax and rest during the night.
Custom-made mouthguards are usually the most effective option as they are made specifically to the unique anatomy of each person. They are most comfortable and provide good results within a short period of time.
